Which term means fainting due to insufficient blood to the brain?

• A. Vertigo
• B. Seizure
• C. Syncope
• D. Coma

Answer: (C)

A transient loss of consciousness caused by a temporary drop in blood flow to the brain is called syncope. This term captures the idea that brain perfusion briefly falls below the level needed to maintain consciousness, and recovery happens quickly once blood flow returns to normal. Triggers often include a vasovagal response, dehydration, standing up too fast (orthostatic hypotension), or heart-related issues that reduce cardiac output.

In this context, the other terms don’t fit: vertigo is a spinning sensation, not a loss of consciousness; a seizure is an abnormal, sustained electrical disturbance in the brain that can cause convulsions and altered awareness; coma is a prolonged state of unconsciousness with little or no wakefulness. Syncope specifically describes the fainting event due to reduced brain blood supply.