Which term describes fainting due to insufficient blood flow to the brain?

• A. Vertigo
• B. Syncope
• C. Seizure
• D. Coma

Answer: (B)

Fainting from a temporary drop in brain blood flow is called syncope. It happens when cerebral perfusion falls briefly, often due to a sudden drop in blood pressure or heart output, leading to a brief loss of consciousness that typically resolves quickly once blood flow returns. This differs from vertigo, which is a spinning sensation without actual unconsciousness; a seizure, which stems from abnormal brain electrical activity and can involve convulsions and postictal confusion; and a coma, which is a prolonged state of unconsciousness with no rapid recovery. Syncope often presents with a sudden onset and quick recovery, sometimes preceded by lightheadedness, pallor, or sweating, and may be triggered by standing or stress.