Which statement best describes the major action of prostaglandins?

• A. Vasodilation & ↑capillary permeability, pain, fever, potentiate histamine effect, prolong inflammation due to later effects
• B. Vasoconstriction
• C. Inhibition of fever
• D. Decrease pain perception

Answer: (A)

Prostaglandins act as key inflammatory mediators produced from arachidonic acid through COX enzymes. Their major actions include vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, which drive the redness, warmth, and swelling of inflamed tissue. They sensitize nerve endings, contributing to pain, and they raise the hypothalamic set point to induce fever. They also enhance the effects of histamine and other mediators, helping to sustain and amplify inflammation over time. This combination described matches the statement well, capturing how prostaglandins promote vascular changes, pain, fever, and prolonged inflammatory activity. Vasoconstriction, inhibition of fever, and decreased pain perception are not consistent with the primary actions of prostaglandins in this context.