The thoracic outlet syndrome assessment commonly includes which combination of tests?

• A. Adson's test
• B. Allen's test
• C. Military Brace test
• D. Adson's, Allen's, and Military Brace tests

Answer: (D)

Assessing thoracic outlet syndrome relies on provocative maneuvers that reproduce symptoms and check for changes in the radial pulse, since compression can occur at multiple spots along the outlet. Adson's test places the neck and shoulder in a position that narrows the space between the scalene muscles, so if the subclavian artery and brachial plexus are compressed there, you’ll often see a diminished pulse or reproduction of symptoms when the patient takes a deep breath and holds it with the head turned toward the tested side. Allen's test shifts focus to the costoclavicular region by positioning the arm in a way that narrows that space; a reduced pulse or symptoms in this position suggests vascular compression in the costoclavicular area. The Military Brace test stresses the same costoclavicular outlet—typically with shoulders drawn back and down and the arm in a position that further narrows that space, often with a deep breath—so it can reveal compression not seen with the scalene-focused maneuver. Using all three maneuvers together covers the main potential sites of compression and increases the likelihood of reproducing signs, making the combination a common, comprehensive approach to thoracic outlet syndrome assessment.