Tenesmus is defined as which of the following?

• A. Bleeding from the rectum during defecation.
• B. Difficulty swallowing.
• C. Spasms or straining associated with forced or painful elimination of urine or stool.
• D. Urinary incontinence.

Answer: (C)

Tenesmus is the persistent, uncomfortable urge to have a bowel movement accompanied by painful or strained efforts, often with a sense of incomplete evacuation. The description that emphasizes spasms or straining with forced or painful elimination of stool matches this symptom best because it centers on the reflex to defecate coupled with painful or difficult effort. It’s not about bleeding during defecation, which would be a different symptom, nor about swallowing difficulties, nor about urinary incontinence. Tenesmus typically arises from rectal or colonic irritation or inflammation and is commonly seen with conditions affecting the rectum, such as proctitis or inflammatory bowel disease.